DEMOCRACY: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom by Condoleezza Rice, Earns its Place on the Permanent Bookshelf



DEMOCRACY: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom by Condoleezza Rice, 482 pp. published by Twelve, an imprint of Grand Central Publishing, May 2017. Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4555-4018-1. Ebook ISBN: 978-1-4555-4019-8. Signed edition ISBN: 987-1-5387-5997-4. $35.00 U.S. Available on Amazon. 

Hands down, this is my choice for the 2017 contribution to our understanding and pursuit of security. Citizen, scholar, CEO or policymaker, this long lens survey of emergent, maturing and failed democracy in nine countries and regions across the world provides both food for thought and frames of reference for the numerous news alerts, political hiccups and trickles of information that come at us constantly.  If you want a handle on the conundrum of Russian democracy, it is yours in a chapter that is as compelling a read about personalities and proclivities as it is analytical and instructive.  If you are baffled by the paucity of official support for the ninety two percent of Kurds who voted for independence from Iraq in September 2017, Dr. Rice's chapter on the Middle East will provide you an appreciation for their catch-22 of competence, resources and geography.  And if you feel swept up in, or swept aside by, the divisiveness in American politics, the very first chapter makes the case that the perfection of democracy in the U.S. has consistently been inconsistent, imperfect, sometimes violent, rarely smooth and yet, remarkably stable for the institutions the Founders built.  In a word, there's something here for everyone and the organization of this comprehensive work makes for easy access to one's interests.



Within these 450+ pages is an appraisal of a concept articulated in four of Condoleezza Rice's compelling voices - as an authoritative analyst, advocate, raconteur and enthusiast.  Through her  scholarship at Stanford University and her empirical observations as U.S. National Security Advisor and U.S. Secretary of State, we see that there are elastic expressions of democracy beyond the American experience.  Democracy has taken hold across cultures and countries whose histories contain no hint of democratic philosophy or behavior.  We see the areas of the world where varying degrees, experiments, emulations and aspects of democracy as we know it are in progress; witness the 2010 elections in Iraq and the 2010 promulgation of a constitution in Kenya.  And we see how regional stability and security are enhanced for the presence of democratic nations.  On page 432, Dr. Rice declares

There is both a moral and practical case for democracy promotion.  In the long arc of history, we know that democracies don't fight each other.  The "democratic peace" is observable.  No one today is sorry that the United States helped build a democratic Germany and Japan after World War II.  Both had been aggressors against their neighbors and there was no guarantee that they would not be again.  Neither country had sustained experience with democracy and it took time  for institutions to take root.  But we stood alongside them, and now they help to form the foundation for international peace and prosperity.

There is a vitality about this work that grips us spiritually and emotionally as well as intellectually.  Portions read like a memoir as Condoleezza Rice's own journey is, in and of itself, a testament to the dynamics of American democracy - from her childhood in segregated Alabama, to her studies in the former Soviet Union, to her professorship at Stanford, to her service as the first black woman in the posts of U.S. National Security Advisor and U.S. Secretary of State.  And her personal passages inform her investigation.  Her keen assessments and the reality checks they suggest are present from the start.  On page ten she debunks what she refers to as "the myth of democratic culture" and asserts

No nationality or ethnic group lacks the DNA to come to terms with this paradox. Over the years, many people have tried to invoke "cultural explanations" to assert that some societies lack what it takes to establish or sustain democracy. But this a myth that has fallen to the reality of democracy's universal appeal ... It was once thought that Latin Americans were more suited for caudillos than presidents; that Africans were just too tribal; that Confucian values conflicted with the tenets of self-rule. Years before that Germans were thought to be too martial or too subservient, and - of course - the descendants of slaves were too "childlike" to care about the right to vote ... Those racist views are refuted by stable democracies in places as diverse as Chile, Ghana, South Korea and across Europe ....



Flowing through the brain food in this keeper are personal anecdotes that burrow deep into our hearts.  They remind us that there are real people behind the democratic institutions and the procedural outcomes that make news - human beings and their stories that tell the big picture of the progress for humanity that democracy alone nurtures and protects.  These anecdotes offer us reasons for patience and perspective on the timetable of democracy's progress.  From the Epilogue:

Years later, sitting in our first meeting with Prime Minister Tony Blair, I was heartened by something he said: "I look at the two of you and I ask whether this could happen in Great Britain. And I say, not just yet." He was referring to the African American secretary of state, Colin Powell, and the African American national security advisor, Condi Rice, sitting on either side of the president of the United States ... Blair was not the only one to notice. President Lula daSilva of Brazil talked to me about America's journey. "I wanted to be sure to have Afro-Brazilians in my cabinet," he said. Upon taking office, he named four to his cabinet, as well as the first to the Supreme Court ... These were times when America's own democratic journey sent a positive message ... And then there was Ben Franklin looking down on us from the magnificent portrait painted by David Martin in 1767. What would old Ben think of this? I thought silently as President Bush made remarks. Then, Ruth Bader Ginsburg - a Jewish woman and Supreme Court Justice - asked me to raise my hand. "I do solemnly swear to protect and defend the Constitution of the United States ....

In the United States, the 2016 elections were catalytic to fierce debates, demonstrations and revelations concerning the endurance, integrity and dependability of our American institutions of democracy.  In a post scriptum entitled "2016," Dr. Rice succinctly separates out the issues, concerns and trends in not only the U.S. but in other mature democracies.  In her characteristic humility and clarity she offers a compass for moving forward smartly and sensitively.  Whether you read this book in your professional stead or for your personal enrichment, "2016" is a solid place to start.

Lisa Bernard is the President of SecuritySpeak, LLC, a consulting firm devoted to matters of national, cyber and global security and crisis management. Experts in these areas offer briefings, talks and distinguished lectures to audiences of all types working to bring unbiased analyses and understanding of security matters to people in all walks of life. (203) 293-4741. www.SecuritySpeak.net. 

The Russians Are Coming? The Russians Are Coming!

 

To be sure, the reaction from people in and beyond Groton and New London, Connecticut to the sighting of a Russian spy vessel sitting thirty miles off their coast and the U.S. Naval Submarine Base last month spanned as wide as those in the Norman Jewison comedy film, The Russians are Coming!  The Russians are Coming! Locals voiced their concerns and opinions at a town meeting.  On Facebook, folks wondered if they should keep their children home from school.  Retired navy commanders, American submariners, CT lawmakers and elected officials calmed nerves and offered threat assessments and possibilities spanning the gamut from “this is nothing new” to “Putin is testing the resolve of the new American President” to “yet another Russian aggression.”  A resident of coastal Connecticut myself, I certainly noted the sighting and couldn’t shrug it off.  After musing about it with a colleague, I went to my local library for the DVD, The Russians are Coming! The Russians are Coming!  Curiously enough, there was quite a wait list for the 1966 farce that parodies Cold War concerns.   

Days ago, just as my turn to rent the DVD came up, that same ship, the Viktor Leonov, was spotted twenty miles south of the U.S. Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay in Georgia.   That’s when I reached out to Dr. Stephen J. Blank, internationally renowned authority on Russian military and foreign policies, for a better sense of Russia’s motives in sending this 300 foot-long ship with surveillance equipment that can intercept radar, radio and other electronic signals.  Unlike the guileless submarine crew in the comedy, The Russians are Coming! the Russians aboard the Viktor Leonov are not sneaking an irresistible and innocent “peek” at America with wide-eyed curiosity.  And “spying” seems too vague a term to be useful to describe what it really happening as this ship traverses our coast, albeit in international waters.  As ever, Dr. Blank’s informed analysis put it all in perspective and I share it with you here:

The appearance of the Russian vessel off the US submarine base at Kings Bay, Georgia is not merely another example of Russian surveillance of our submarine capability or another attempt to send a psychological message that its subs can get within striking range of the continental United States.  Rather it is also part of an evolving strategy that appears to be intelligence and combat preparation for a possible contingency of a protracted war with the U.S. when Russian subs will have a mission of interdicting U.S. naval vessels and submarines en route to Europe and/or cutting communication cables with Europe.  If seen in tandem with recent military moves, these submarine sightings, aerial, and naval probes of the U.S. and our allies, suggests a mounting concern in Russia that it will have to fight a protracted war with NATO.  Indeed, the scope of Russia's comprehensive information warfare against the U.S. and Europe already indicates that Moscow deems itself to be in a "Cold War" type scenario with NATO.

Dr. Stephen J. Blank is available for talks, lectures and briefings through Lisa Bernard's SecuritySpeak, LLC.  (203) 293-4741.  LisaBernard@SecuritySpeak.net. 

 

 



The Phone Call Heard 'Round the World: What of the Talk between Presidents Trump and Tsai?

I admit, my first reaction to the news of a break in forty years of American policy was as much to the time span of forty years as to the event itself.  Could this be the beginning of a shift of Biblical proportions?  Hmmm ... I next analogized the happening to a superpower chess match.  While our eyes have been on North Korea as a pawn of China and Russia, could the United States have just moved it's Queen on China's Bishop?  Enough.  It was time to call an expert, so I reached out to Gordon G. Chang, author of The Coming Collapse of China and devoted analyst of Asian security matters.  He has been generous and pivotal in this space and, most recently, speaking to a live audience at our Election Night 2016 Security Summit.  He replied with his characteristic precision and alacrity:

 

"It is possible the phone conversation Friday with Tsai Ing-wen was Trump's opening bid in a complex bargaining with Beijing and that he has no long-term intention to strengthen relations with Taipei, but the Trump advisor who put the call together, Stephen Yates, is a strong proponent of Taiwan.  It is almost certain, therefore, that Yates was trying to steer American policy in Taipei's direction.

What we do know is that the President-elect has broken with almost four decades of Washington policy toward China, and this creates a dynamic that could take on a life of it's own.

See this, my National Interest piece on the topic:   http://nationalinterest.org/feature/why-donald-trumps-taiwan-call-changes-everything-18605."

 

 





Just After Reports of Another North Korean Ballistic Missile Test ...

My followers began asking for clarity from an expert on the relationship between China and North Korea's nuclear program.  I asked Gordon Chang, author of Nuclear Showdown: North Korea Takes on the World, and internationally respected pundit on security matters in Asia, about this.





With his comprehensive approach and gracious style, Gordon Chang is renowned for his incisive analyses and commentary.  He lived and worked in Shanghai as Counsel to the American law firm Paul Weiss, and earlier in Hong Kong as Partner in the international law firm Baker & McKenzie.  He has briefed the United States CIA, Pentagon and State Department on security developments and he shared this assessment with me this week:

"North Korea has three launchers--theTaepodong-2, the KN-08, and KN-14--that can hit the lower 48 states.  The better view is that the North cannot mate a nuclear warhead to them, but that is only a matter of about three years.  The North Koreans have already put a nuke on top of their intermediate-range Nodong.

Beijing could rein in North Korea, but Chinese leaders do not want to do so because they view America as their main strategic rival.  They find Kim Jong Un's antics useful in keeping us and our allies off balance. 

We could force Beijing into being helpful--by, for example, imposing secondary sanctions on Chinese banks and enterprises--but so far there have been only tentative moves to do so.  The U.S. sanctions on Dandong Hongxiang industrial, imposed last month, show attitudes in the American capital are changing.  They are changing because an unstable Kim Jong Un in control of the world's most destructive weapons is presenting American policymakers with little choice."

N.B. Gordon Chang will be presenting The New Nuclear Politics: China, Iran and North Korea, at the Election Night 2016 Security Summit, 80 Minutes Around the World: Security Briefings for the Next American President, in Westport, CT, on November 8th.

 

With News of the Iraqi Effort to Take Back Mosul from the Islamic State ...

 

I asked Dr. Austin Long, authority on international security matters and particularly urban operations in counterinsurgency, to put this in perspective for us.  He replied:  "The long awaited offensive to retake Mosul is a welcome sign of progress in the war on the Islamic State but should not be heralded as the beginning of the end. The loss of Mosul will hurt the group but not fatally.  We should always remember that retaking Fallujah in 2004 was seen as a major sign of progress but two years later Al Qaeda in Iraq, the Islamic State's predecessor, was stronger than ever."

Hear Dr. Long on Monday, November 7, 2016, at 7:00 p.m. at Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, CT.  He delivers, The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria: Crucible for the Next American President.  For details: LisaBernard@SecuritySpeak.net or www.Facebook.com/PodiumTime.

As Washington Hosts World Leaders at the Nuclear Security Summit ...



I asked Dr. Paul Bracken, author of the tour de force book, The Second Nuclear Age: Strategy, Danger and New Power Politics, for a comment. He replied:

 

 

The pace of military technology has reached a level not seen since the cold war in the 1950s.  Drones, cyber-war, targeted killings, anti-satellites weapons, hypersonic missiles are coming into the forces not just of the United States but of many countries.  Add to this atomic weapons, and soon, hydrogen bombs for India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea.  We are entering a new world of technology, yet the old political order of nation states remains essentially unchanged.  The 2016 Nuclear Security Summit shows the growing tension of a political order that is out of phase with technology advances.  Something has to give, and I don't think it's going to come from a slowdown in technology.

 

 

Scroll down for video of Dr. Bracken speaking to the North Korean missile program, STEM, emerging technologies and other key topics in security.